As of the July, 2022, release via CMS

LAKE HOSPITAL SYSTEM

CMS id: 360098
7590 AUBURN RD, CONCORD OH 44077. County: LAKE
System: UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS HEALTH SYSTEMS
CBSA: Cleveland-Elyria, OH

The 329-bed, acute-care hospital had $-46,753,006 in net service to patients*, with a total profit margin of 4.87946% in fiscal year 2021, the latest year available.
It spent 2.13% of its operating expenses on uncompensated care and reported $17,539,938 in Medicaid shortfall.

* For more about Net Service to Patients and operating revenue, please the finance section below.

Note: Medians are from acute-care hospitals with "complete" fiscal years. For more about how we calculated medians and cost reports in general, please click here.

Details

	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
# of days in fyear	365	365	365	366	365
Ownership	nfp	nfp	nfp	nfp	nfp
Acute beds Median	285 118	285 118	285 119.5	298 118	266 119
Total beds Median	344 162	344 162	344 162	357 162	329 163.5
FTEs Median	2,157.16 788.06	2,135.64 793.42	2,133.22 806.03	1,970.24 787.61	1,923.28 804.34

Finances As they appear in worksheet G3 of the cost reports.

Note: Net Patient Revenue is considered operating revenue, which means Net Service to Patients is considered operating profit. Click here for more about cost report financials

Hospital cost reports are an enormously complicated dataset. There are whole organizations and an offical CMS vendor dedicated to helping researchers work with the data.
It's important to understand that hospital financials in cost reports are not organized in the same as other sources such as annual financial reports to bond holders.

The biggest difference is the concept of operating revenue and profit. Net Service to patients (NS2P), which is the sum of net patient revenue minus operating expenses, is considered the equivalent of operating profit according to the Medicaid and CHIP Payment and Access Commission (MACPAC). See the last paragraph of "Primary Data Sources" on page 55 of Annual Analysis of Disproportionate Share Hospital Allotments to States (PDF).

That would make Net Patient Revenue = operating revenue.

All this makes things challenging when comparing what's reported in cost reports to other sources. It becomes clearer when you consider that, beyond the purpose of reimbursement, cost reports are a tool for policymakers trying to understand the financial situation of a hospital doing the tasks specific to hospitals.

In other words, while a facility with a division that formulates drugs might include earnings from that as operating revenue in their corporate annual result, this is not central to the operations of a hospital caring for patients and so it is counted as "other income." (See below the financials section for more on "other income")

The healthcare consulting firm HMP, in a former partnership with Modern Healthcare, did develop a formula for estimating operating revenue closer to what one might find in other sources. We no longer use this for the following reasons:

The measure was not widely used beyond HMP and Modern Healthcare. Many hospitals had their own internal estimates of operating revenue and profit.
Because of this, there was confusion when reporting operating results for individual hospitals. There was often pushback when a facility's internal numbers did not match what Modern Healthcare was reporting.
The formula includes revenue from portions of the "other income" section, which may also include non-operating revenue. HMP themselves point out in a caveat on their site that they cannot exclude all non-operating revenue from their measure.

HMP's operating measure has proven problematic in the past for our reporting and the partnership with them ended years ago. It's best to not use a measure that we alone cannot defend.

	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Net patient revenue ? Median	338,296,461 150,932,746	348,792,327 158,950,878	348,547,768 168,696,998	314,203,186 163,454,693	350,608,081 186,589,412
Operating expenses Median	361,306,263 149,311,209	372,222,055 156,110,414	374,227,622 164,890,568	367,406,953 166,516,854	397,361,087 180,120,888
Net income from service 2 patients (NS2P) ? Median	-23,009,802 -964,173	-23,429,728 -643,601.5	-25,679,854 -116,254	-53,203,767 -5,025,862	-46,753,006 -1,284,564
NS2P margin ? Median	-6.80% -0.62	-6.72% -0.29	-7.37% 0.18	-16.93% -5.07	-13.33% -0.88

Range* of Net Service to Patient (NS2P) margins

= NS2P margin for LAKE HOSPITAL SYSTEM compared to all** acute-care hospitals, from CMS cost reports.
Note: NS2P is considered operating margin by MACPAC. The chart below is interactive: click or touch to see more.

* Data range does not show outliers, which fall beyond the minimum and maximum of the range.
** From cost reports with complete fiscal years. Number of acute-care hospitals available to calculate medians:

2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
3,157	3,092	3,050	3,052	2,566

	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Other income* Median Click here to show/hide details	22,804,864 5,089,215	34,291,588 4,572,541	59,536,611 5,268,134	63,324,945 13,092,619	71,591,232 12,369,236
⊳ Line 6: Contributions ? ⊳ Median	324,334 224,999	198,425 199,009	234,178 206,870.5	1,467,383 194,343	221,793 249,496
⊳ Line 7: Investments ? ⊳ Median	4,602,912 299,524	10,097,801 188,688.5	32,933,083 370,813	23,951,320 309,361.5	18,985,134 375,329
⊳ Line 8: Revenue from telephone service	NULL	NULL	NULL	NULL	NULL
⊳ Line 9: Revenue from tv and radio	--	--	--	--	--
⊳ Line 10: Purchase discounts	2,398,564	3,904,599	3,307,952	2,945,693	3,573,740
⊳ Line 11: Rebates and refunds of expenses	0	0	2,412,935	2,757,767	3,568,680
⊳ Line 12: Parking lot receipts	0	0	0	0	0
⊳ Line 13: Revenue from laundry and linen service	0	0	0	0	0
⊳ Line 14: Revenue from meals sold to emplyees and guests	799,009	815,666	815,536	443,348	402,339
⊳ Line 15: Revenue from rental of living quarters	0	0	0	0	0
⊳ Line 16: Revenue from sale of medical and surgical supplies	122,887	156,225	134,311	144,390	143,877
⊳ Line 17: Revenue from sale of drugs to other than patients	5,815,390	7,566,071	7,940,593	8,293,660	15,379,743
⊳ Line 18: Revenue from sale of medical records and abstracts	285,088	503,218	500,890	501,572	2,412
⊳ Line 19: Tuition (fees, sale of textbooks, uniforms, etc.)	0	0	0	0	0
⊳ Line 20: Revenue from gifts, flowers, coffee shops, canteen	61,853	67,391	0	25,501	31,276
⊳ Line 21: Rental of vending machines	0	0	91,388	0	0
⊳ Line 22: Rental of hospital space	2,433,546	2,480,902	2,494,154	2,656,397	2,569,663
⊳ Line 23: Gov appropriations ? ⊳ Median	0 1,017,693	0 983,261.5	0 1,173,286	0 1,987,202	0 1,597,664
⊳ Sum Line 24	5,961,191	8,501,290	8,671,591	20,137,914	26,712,575
Total income ? Median	-204,938 6,586,430	10,861,860 6,767,106	33,856,757 8,419,950	10,121,178 8,094,175	24,838,226 15,162,888
Non-operating expenses Median	2,534,520 146,289.5	0 164,857	12,780,458 89,880.5	13,808,809 106,761	4,237,173 31,473.5
Net income Median	-2,739,458 6,043,842	10,861,860 5,845,112	21,076,299 7,606,259	-3,687,631 7,283,041	20,601,053 14,957,241
Net margin Median	-0.75864% 4.62%	2.83537% 4.42%	5.16469% 5.16%	-0.97678% 5.2%	4.87946% 9.25%

* About "Other income": Other income, or line 25 in worksheet G3, is the sum of lines 6 through 24. It includes three lines that are considered non-operating revenue - contributions, investments and government appropriations. Medians are included for these three lines. It also contains items that are not central to providing healthcare, such as revenue from parking or gift shops.
"Sum Line 24" is a special case. Called "Other (specify)" in the cost reports, CMS allows for this line to be "subscripted," or divided into sublines like 002400, 002401, 002402. And hospitals do that, up to 100 lines, to detail income (and sometimes negative returns) that are otherwise not covered in the previous "other" lines. Therefore, "Sum Line 24" is the sum of all the lines 24.

Range* of total profit (loss) margins

= Total margin for LAKE HOSPITAL SYSTEM compared to all** acute-care hospitals, from CMS cost reports.
The chart below is interactive: click or touch to see more.

2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
3,157	3,092	3,050	3,052	2,566

Medicare revenue

Inpatient and outpatient revenue

	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
All inpatient revenue Median Click here to show/hide details	55,017,012 23,241,334	54,326,004 23,709,545	47,994,565 24,248,380	39,992,802 22,858,541	38,299,895 23,620,613
"All inpatient revenue" is made up of any Medicare payments for routine inpatient, swingbed SNFs, TEFRA, IPF, IRF, inpatient long-term care, CAH and inpatient SNF facilities. Medians are only calculated when there are sufficient facilities reporting revenue.
⊳ Routine inpatient revenue ⊳ Median	51,364,161 21,577,146	50,297,319 22,041,594	44,464,560 22,722,063	36,533,188 21,570,441	35,227,340 22,140,684
⊳ Swingbeds ⊳ Median	0 --	0 --	0 --	0 --	0 --
⊳ Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act payments (TEFRA) ⊳ Median	0 --	0 --	0 --	0 --	0 --
⊳ Inpatient psychiatric facility (IPF) ⊳ Median	1,545,138 1,845,420	1,384,677 1,757,392	1,349,053 1,738,842	1,456,675 1,510,463	1,102,971 1,393,140
⊳ Inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF) ⊳ Median	2,107,713 3,535,627	2,644,008 3,746,588	2,180,952 3,782,288	2,002,939 3,865,578	1,969,584 3,983,889
⊳ Long-term care hospital (LTCH) ⊳ Median	0 --	0 --	0 --	0 --	0 --
⊳ Critical-access hospitals ⊳ Median	0 --	0 --	0 --	0 --	0 --
⊳ Skilled-nursing facilities (SNF) ⊳ Median	0 1,203,033	0 1,215,295	0 1,313,657	0 1,365,298	0 1,179,746
All outpatient revenue Median Click here to show/hide details	25,697,684 11,160,864	26,830,585 11,987,345	26,566,775 12,926,866	21,538,498 11,884,480	22,698,690 13,145,163
"All outpatient revenue" is made up of any payments for routine outpatient, HHA, CMHC, rural health and other federally-qualified health clinics. Medians are only calculated when there are sufficient facilities reporting revenue.
⊳ Routine outpatient revenue ⊳ Median	23,144,130 10,918,923	24,412,012 11,706,976	24,156,359 12,615,917	19,228,456 11,458,116	20,365,858 12,776,716
⊳ Home Health agencies (HHA) ⊳ Median	2,553,554 1,282,808	2,418,573 1,407,728	2,410,416 1,341,512	2,310,042 1,407,046	2,332,832 1,476,867
⊳ Community mental health clinics (CMHC) ⊳ Median	0 --	0 --	0 --	0 --	0 --
⊳ Rural health clinics ⊳ Median	0 618,038	0 697,279	0 690,232	0 684,010	0 670,558
⊳ Other federally qualified health clinics ⊳ Median	0 --	0 --	0 --	0 --	0 --

Other payments

Item	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Graduate Medical Education (GME) Median	0 3,284,314	0 3,250,551	0 3,386,837	0 3,360,806	0 3,508,953
Disproportionate-share hospital (DSH) Median	351,127 594,888	521,656 595,761	536,136 577,894	401,073 542,168	377,460 549,667
Outlier Median	443,410 582,572	578,727 538,116	190,133 212,434	231,076 126,559	261,127 139,139

Uncompensated care

Item	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Medicaid shortfall Median	21,408,999 3,662,910	20,070,225 3,730,911	20,538,953 4,081,319	22,116,648 4,643,908	17,539,938 4,389,147
Charity care Median	1,658,620 2,654,636	2,031,897 2,940,659	1,723,065 3,380,215	936,894 3,488,738	412,173 3,233,405
Uncompensated care (UCC) Median	8,366,967 5,147,790	8,226,934 5,337,617	11,134,299 5,711,082	8,200,652 5,923,418	8,471,124 5,508,107
UCC as a % of operating expenses Median	2.32% 3.24	2.21% 3.12	2.98% 3.21	2.23% 3.3	2.13% 2.86
Total shortfall/UCC Median	29,775,966 9,489,989	28,297,159 9,424,297	31,673,252 10,120,158	30,317,300 11,171,337	26,011,062 10,133,851

Labor costs

	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Total salaries Median	125,030,651 52,142,039	126,156,073 54,485,252	129,644,359 57,395,589	128,516,508 58,830,919	129,267,071 61,722,907
Salaries as a % of operating expenses Median	34.62 36.68	33.91 36.56	34.67 36.37	35.00 35.93	32.55 35.24
Intern, resident salaries* Median	0 2,598,592	0 2,686,824	0 2,753,773	0 2,937,156	0 2,909,848
Contract intern, resident salaries* Median	0 1,251,927	0 1,186,494	0 1,204,885	0 1,279,653	0 1,469,317
Contract adjusted salaries, direct-care Median	1,871,282 1,449,244	2,001,374 1,475,986	3,079,282 1,563,078	2,690,391 1,721,954	13,639,917 2,991,828
Contract hours, direct-care Median	35,383.56 22,725	40,036.43 23,018.5	55,583.05 24,503.48	46,650.28 25,026.5	133,734.80 33,786
Contract wages, direct-care Median	52.89 64.67	49.99 64.53	55.40 65.06	57.67 68.97	101.99 88.94

* in an approved program

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Cost reports are self-reported by the facility, are subject to revision and should be considered preliminary.

* Net Service to patients (NS2P) equals net patient revenue minus operating expenses. NS2P is considered the equivalent of operating profit according to the Medicaid and CHIP Payment and Access Commission (MACPAC). See the last paragraph of "Primary Data Sources" on page 55 of Annual Analysis of Disproportionate Share Hospital Allotments to States (PDF).

About medians

Medians are calculated from reports with "complete" fiscal years, or reports with fiscal years of at least 300 days and no more than 420 days.

In cases where there are fewer than 50 values reported, medians are not calculated. For childrens' hospitals, it's when fewer than 20 are reported.

Web app by Tim Broderick | email.